Most children and adults do well on total parenteral nutrition (TPN), and transplantation may not be indicated for these patients. Transplantation, however, is a potentially life-saving option for patients with intestinal failure who cannot tolerate TPN. Because patients' survival rates are better after isolated bowel transplants, this is the preferred type of transplant. Combined intestinal-liver transplants or cluster transplants are options for patients who developed liver failure on TPN or for patients who have large, local tumors that can only be removed by removing several organs.